Pluralisme agama di Indonesia: studi tentang tipologi pluralisme agama nonindifferent pada keputusan fatwa MUI Nomor 7 Tahun 2005

This item is published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Kristianto, Aris (2018) Pluralisme agama di Indonesia: studi tentang tipologi pluralisme agama nonindifferent pada keputusan fatwa MUI Nomor 7 Tahun 2005. PhD thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

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Abstract

This study analyzes religious pluralism without indifferentism in Indonesia as a study on the MUI’s fatwā No. 7 of 2005 on the prohibition of religious pluralism. How the form of religious pluralism shifts from indifferentism towards without indifferentism is taken into consideration for reviewing the MUI’s religious edict. In order to analyze the MUI fatwā, it is important to understand the definition and the legal status of religious pluralism without indifferentism. To answer the research problem, the approaches and methods used by the researcher is a historical approach, legal and social changes, while the research type is a field research study with qualitative data analysis. The findings of this study suggest the following: First, religious pluralism is an attitude to accept and respect the fact of diversity (plurality) of religious belief systems co-existing in pro-existence in the bond of citizenship without the reduction of faith. This moderate perspective constitutes an attitudinal respond toward the groups of anti-pluralism and indifferent religious pluralism. Second, the framework of the methodology used by the Commission of MUI in formulating the fatwā on prohibiting the religious pluralism is based on deduction of texts only, and less consideration of social induction, that is, change in social institutions that influence the shift in the meaning of religious pluralism. If sadd al-dhari`ah is defined as blocking the means of any lead to perniciousness, then fath al-dharā`i is an opening means leading to a lawful purpose. Based on the four levels of sadd al-dhari`ah between definite, likely, possible and rarely, the case of religious pluralism without indifferentism has very rare or a little chance of causing perniciousness and even has greater benefits. If the classification of maqāṣid is neutral to it, then the law becomes permissible (mubah). Therefore, religious pluralism as a means to reach goodness is not properly categorized into sadd al-dhari'ah but can be included into fath al-dharā`i, meaning an opening of a means leading to the lawful (halal) purpose. Third, based on the pluralistic modern life and the demands of coexisting in pro-existence of inter-religions in Indonesia, the paradigm of religious pluralism which has been dichotomized in the extreme between theology and sociology should be re-formulated. The existence of religious pluralism without indifferentism as a social principle is absolutely needed in creating harmonious social inter-religious relations in Indonesia. Therefore, the legal status of religious pluralism in the MUI’s fatwā No. 7 of 2005 needs to be refined again with new explanations that do not harm other groups that fight for religious pluralism without indifferentism in Indonesia.