Fabel dalam Al Qur'an: studi Integritas tekstual dan koherensi tematik struktur kisah hewan dalam Al Qur’an

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Fawaid, Ah. Fawaid (2020) Fabel dalam Al Qur'an: studi Integritas tekstual dan koherensi tematik struktur kisah hewan dalam Al Qur’an. PhD thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

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Abstract

The narrative is one of several genres of Qur’anic discourse. Besides narrative, the other genres of Qur’anic discourse are poetic, hortatory, hymnal, legal, eschatological prophecy, and reports on current events. One Qur’anic surah, for example, contains a mix of legal pronouncements, eschatological prophecies, narratives, and reports on current events. In the context of the narrative, including the Qur'an's fables, the stories have been episodic and thus seeming incomplete. This research seeks to demonstrate the Qur’an’s narrative coherence and thematic integrity by studying its fable narratives, posing the following questions: (1) How are animals role represented in the Qur’anic stories? (2) What are the characteristics of the Qur’an’s fable narrative structure? (3) What is the thematic coherence of narrative structure of three kinds of animal stories in the Qur’an? With an interdisciplinary approach, the author integrates the thematic interpretation with the surah pairs and contextual situation method of Mustansir Mir, al-Jābirī, and Raymond K. Farrin, the surah composition model of Michel Cuypers, and the narrative structure of William Labov. This integrated, interdisciplinary approach, which may be called the symmetrical cum historical approach, will be used to analyze the animal stories found frequently, if dispersedly, in both Meccan and Medinan surahs. The findings of this study show that, first, the Qur’anic fables present animals roles in a variety of ways, namely: 1) animals as gifts; 2) animals as miracles; 3) figures appearing in dreams; 4) animals as an honor offering; 5) imagery; 6) punishment story; 7) animals as helpers; 8) animals as conspiracy tools; 9) animals as playful figures; and 10) animals as trials. Second, the fable narrative structure in the Meccan surahs is more complete—in terms of Labov’s six narrative elements—than that in the Medinan surahs. Furthermore, while the Meccan fables tend to be narrative (qaṣaṣī), the Medinan fables are satirical (taqrī‘ī). Third, the thematic coherence of narrative structure of Qur’anic fabel may be investigated by using the surah pairs and contextual situation of sura. The research asserts that the narrative coherence of the Qur’anic fables cannot be sufficiently grasped using the surah pairs and the contextual situation method of both Iṣlāḥī and Mir based on the surahs’ ordering in the Qur’anic mushaf, but must also be complemented by the surah pairs and surah groups method of al-Jābirī based on the chronological order of revelation.