Male-Female conversation repair in 2016 united states presidential debate

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Puspitarani, Putri (2021) Male-Female conversation repair in 2016 united states presidential debate. Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

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Abstract

The present thesis investigates the male-female conversation repair in the 2016 presidential debate. This research aims to discover the types of errors and the types of repairs uttered by the United States presidential candidates, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the first until the third 2016 presidential debate. Therefore, there are three problems in this present study: (1) What are the types of errors uttered by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the first until the third 2016 presidential debate? (2) How Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton repair their utterances in the first until the third 2016 presidential debate? (3) What are the differences between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the types of errors and the types of repairs in the first until the third 2016 presidential debate? This study used a descriptive approach. However, the researcher applied qualitative and quantitative methods since the first research question is inductive, and the second research question is deductive. The first research question is not framed by the previous research findings, while the second research question is framed. The researcher collected the data by transcribing three 2016 presidential debate videos, the first 2016 presidential debate, the second 2016 presidential debate, and the third 2016 presidential debate. Then, the researcher identified the types of errors and the types of repairs with applying codes. After that, the researcher classified the identified data to find the types of errors and the types of repairs uttered by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. This study’s findings show four types of errors and two types of repairs uttered by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. As a result, the researcher found the types of errors and the types of repairs uttered by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Those types of errors uttered by Donald Trump are 21 utterances of morphological error, 19 utterances of information-structuring error, six utterances of syntactic error, and five utterances of phonological error. In comparison, the types of errors found in Hillary Clinton’s utterances are seven utterances of information-structuring error, three utterances of morphological error, two utterances of syntactic error, and one utterance of phonological error. Furthermore, the researcher also found the types of repairs uttered by Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Donald Trump has only 49 self-initiated self-repair. In contrast, Hillary Clinton has nine self-initiated self-repair and one other-initiated self-repair.