LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH DAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI MAKASSAR

This item is published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Said, Salmah (2012) LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH DAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI MAKASSAR. In: Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS) XII, 5 – 8 November 2012, Surabaya – Indonesia.

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Abstract

The existence of sharia-based microfinance institutions plays an important role in developing small and micro business in Makassar. Most of these small and micro enterprises are having lack of access to banking industry for financing and developing their business. The main factor is that small and micro business cannot accomplish the requirements to acquire financing from banks. Generally, the legal status of these microfinance institutions is sharia-based cooperative, which is known as Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT). The number of actively operating BMTs are 17 and under coordination of Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Usaha Kecil (PINBUK) of South Sulawesi. BMT in Indonesia, as a sharia-based microfinance institutions, is significantly developed. There are about 128 BMTs operate and provide financial aids for small and micro business in South Sulawesi. According to PINBUK data, there are around 3.200 BMTs operated nationally in 2006. These numbers increase and reach 3.900 BMTs aktively operate in the end of 2010. In 2006, BMTs had total assets of Rp. 2.000.000.000.000,- with around 3 millions of people who gained benefits from fund provided by BMTs. Total assets have almost three-fold, which is Rp. 5.000.000.000.000,- at the end of 2010, with customers around 3,5 millions people, around 60.000 people work at BMTs. To overcome the limit access problem faced by small and micro business, the government launched program of BMT to support alleviation poverty program by fullfiling wider accessibility of small micro business to financial intitutions to support their business. Small and micro business are, generally, operate in home industries, farmers, animal farmers, service industries, etc. These industries have lack of management skills, capitals, modern machines, which in turn, they can not compete with big companies, which have large amount of funds. This research is a survey research and analysis method used is a multiple regression analysis, utilizing t-test and F-test to examine both the effects of independent variables, both partially and simultaneuously to dependent variable. Independent variables tested are the scheme of financing repayment (X1), amount of financing (X2), easiness of financing requirements (X3), the management of small and micro business (X4), and the control of BMT of small and micro business (X5). The dependent variable is the role of BMT (sharia-based micro finance) of the development of small and micro business (Y). Specifically, using t-test, the independent variables of (X1), (X2), and (X3), partially have significant effects on the role of BMT (sharia-based micro finance) of the development of small and micro business (Y). While independent variables of (X4), (X5), partially have no signifiant effects on the role of BMT (sharia-based micro finance) of the development of small and micro business (Y). The result of F-test shows that all independent variables are simultaneuously have signifiant effects on dependent variable. In conclusion, the research shows that these sharia-based microfinance institutions have a significant role in providing small scale financing scheme to develop small and micro business in Makassar, which banking industries ignore to provide. To further boost the BMTs’ services, this research recognizes that managerial training is urgently needed to improve their service quality to their customers, i.e. small and micro enterprises. The research also shows the prospect of Islamic economy, specifically Islamic finance, to expand in the future, in terms of total assets, number of business served by BMTs, and number of BMTs operate around the country