Digital tools for teaching English listening skills: a meta-synthesis study

Digital tools are one of the digital-based technologies that are now often used in teaching listening skills. This study aims to explore digital tools and how to use them to teach listening skills. Meta synthesis is used as a method in the study. This study analyzes and interprets findings from various selected articles. The selected articles are based on predetermined databases, namely Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Taylor and Francis, and Springer Open. The articles analyzed span the last decade. Furthermore, the selection of articles is carried out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings state that the digital tools found in the selected articles have four functions, including as a source of material, as a communication medium, as a content creator, and as an assessment. There are various types of digital tools found such as podcasts, video-based platforms, learning applications, and digital interactive tools that can be used to increase student activity and participation in the classroom. This study also highlights how to use digital tools to teach students' listening skills in detail regarding their sub-skills. The findings state that there are 7 sub-skills of listening found in the study, including listening for specific information, note-taking, listening for identifying words, listening for general information, listening for details, listening for main ideas, and making inferences. Further researchers are expected to be able to study other aspects that have not been studied because of the scope and limitations that have been determined.